Aragon is a city in Polk County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 1,440. A post office has been in …Aragon is a city in Polk County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 1,440. A post office has been in operation in Aragon since 1899. The city was named for local deposits of the mineral aragonite. Aragon incorporated in 1914.