In London, the Socialist Club ... was organised by the African American thinker and journalist, W.E.B. DuBois. Fifty seven delegates attended representing fifteen countries. Its principal task ...

The borders of the countries which African leaders inherited ... people like Nkrumah were searching to define different brands of African socialism. But many western observers were obsessed ...

Driven by internal crises and faced with the rapidly declining position of US and European imperialism on the world scale, ...

Other countries, such as 1970s Nigeria, invited state-socialist companies to stimulate competition between foreign enterprises. In North Africa and the Middle East, governments and architects ...