Outside of a U.S. President bending norms, the Fed also faces challenges in achieving its economic objectives. Inflation remains above its 2% target: Its preferred measure is at 2.4%, though core prices — considered a better gauge of where inflation is headed — rose 2.8% in November from a year ago.

Last month, Fed officials signaled they expect just two rate cuts for all of 2025, a shallower path of reductions than previously anticipated. Policymakers will update their projections on the economy and rates at their next meeting in March. This month’s pause in rate cuts comes amid increasing uncertainty about how inflation will evolve.

Trump, who appointed Jerome Powell as Fed chair, has called for lower interest rates and said the president should get a say on the Fed's rate decisions.